Many living organisms like earthworms, millipedes, and centipedes, bacteria, and fungi are found in this layer of soil. In this layer, the seeds germinate and roots of the plants grow. The humus makes the topsoil soft, porous to hold enough air and water. This is the reason, the topsoil has dark brown color. This layer represents a transition zone between the earth’s bedrock and horizon A and B.Īns: It is also called topsoil or horizon A, which is rich in organic material.This layer consists of decomposed material and organic matter. It contains no organic matter and made up of stones and rocks, so it is very hard. Bedrock or Horizon Cīedrock is also known as parent rock and lies just below the subsoil. Farmers often mix horizon-A and horizon-B when ploughing their fields. It contains metal salts, especially iron oxide in a large proportion. This layer is less organic but is rich in minerals brought down from the topsoil. It is lighter in color than the topsoil because there is less humus in this layer. It is comparatively harder and compact than topsoil. Just below the topsoil lies another layer called subsoil or horizon-B. What are the different Properties of Soil? 2. Horizon B or Subsoil Depending on the soil, the A horizon can be further divided into A1. In this layer, the seeds germinate and roots of the plants grow. The A horizon is where there is most soil life and is sometimes called topsoil. The hummus makes the topsoil soft, porous to hold enough air and water. This is the reason, the topsoil has a dark brown color. This layer consists of decomposed material and organic matter. It is also called the humus layer, which is rich in organic material. Soil consists of the following horizons: 1. At some places, the soil contains only two layers. It takes many years under a favorable condition for the soil to develop its three layers. Soil that has developed three layers, is mature soil. These features of the layer of soil play a very important role in determining the use of the soil. The main layers of the soil are topsoil, subsoil and the parent rock. The layers of soil can easily be observed by their color and size of particles. These layers called horizons, the sequence of layers is the soil profile. The soil is found in layers, which are arranged during the formation of soil. What are the causes of Thunderstorms and Cyclones? Soil Profile These fine particles form the top layer of the soil. It takes thousands of years to form a just 1cm layer of soil. These pieces get further broken down to form sand and silt and, ultimately, into finer particles and the process continues.These agents include wind, water, the sun’s heat, and plants and animals. A number of natural force, called agents, work to break down the parent rock into tiny particles of soil. Rocks are mainly broken by two types of weathering- physical weathering and chemical weathering.It takes many years for these rocks to break down into smaller rocks. Big rocks break down into smaller rocks by continuous action of wind and rain.Soil formation takes place in the following ways: The soil has taken thousands of years to form.
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